Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation

General information

• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Kingdom part

Netherlands (in Europe)

• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Netherlands (Bonaire)

• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Netherlands (Sint Eustatius)

• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Netherlands (Saba)

• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Party

Angola

• Ratification: 11-06-2013 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Australia

• Signature: 15-03-2013

Benin

• Signature: 21-01-2013
• Ratification: 27-10-2017 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Botswana

• Ratification: 30-04-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-06-2021

Brazil

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Burkina Faso

• Signature: 17-02-2012
• Ratification: 24-09-2019 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-11-2019

Cabo Verde

• Ratification: 17-01-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-03-2022

Cameroon

• Signature: 25-10-2011

Chad

• Signature: 01-10-2010

China

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Costa Rica

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Dominican Republic

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 27-11-2012 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Eswatini

• Ratification: 23-11-2016 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

France

• Signature: 15-04-2011
• Ratification: 15-12-2016 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Gabon

• Ratification: 24-09-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-11-2019

Gambia, The

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 15-02-2021 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-04-2021

Ghana

• Ratification: 04-06-2018 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-08-2018

Guyana

• Ratification: 26-02-2013 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Indonesia

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Kazakhstan

• Ratification: 02-01-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-03-2019

Kuwait

• Ratification: 28-07-2014 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Madagascar

• Signature: 05-12-2017

Mali

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 14-11-2012 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Malta

• Ratification: 26-09-2016 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Mexico

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Mozambique

• Ratification: 17-08-2016 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Myanmar

• Ratification: 20-03-2013 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Nepal

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Niger

• Signature: 27-06-2018

Nigeria

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Panama

• Signature: 30-09-2010
• Ratification: 09-10-2015 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Paraguay

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 03-08-2018 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-10-2018

Portugal

• Ratification: 22-04-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-06-2021

Republic of Korea, the

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Republic of the Congo

• Ratification: 24-09-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-11-2019

Romania

• Signature: 05-07-2016
• Ratification: 22-06-2018 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-08-2018

Senegal

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Sierra Leone

• Ratification: 25-11-2015 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

South Africa

• Signature: 26-09-2013

Spain

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Switzerland

• Ratification: 11-12-2014 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

Togo

• Signature: 21-01-2013

Turkmenistan

• Ratification: 17-06-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-08-2019

Uganda

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 28-11-2017 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018

United Kingdom

• Signature: 10-09-2010

United States of America

• Signature: 10-09-2010

Uruguay

• Ratification: 05-12-2019 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-02-2020

Bahrain

• Ratification: 26-10-2017 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-10-2017
  Declaration made at the time of accession: The Kingdom of Bahrain does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article (20) of the convention.

Côte d'Ivoire

• Ratification: 20-03-2015 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  20-03-2015
  Pursuant to Article 21(4) of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation (Beijing Convention of 2010) adopted on 10 September 2010 in Beijing, China, the Government of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire declares that it will apply the provisions of Article 1(4)(d) in keeping with the principles of its criminal legislation regarding liability exemptions for family reasons. In accordance with Article 21(4) of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation (Beijing Convention of 2010) adopted on 10 September 2010 in Beijing, China, the Government of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire informs the Secretary General of the International Civil Aviation Organization that the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire has established its jurisdiction over offenses committed under Article 8(2) of this Convention, and shall give notification with immediate effect of any changes.

Cuba

• Ratification: 22-03-2013 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  22-03-2013
  The Republic of Cuba declares that, by virtue of paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Convention, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article related to the settlement of disputes which may arise between two or more State parties about the interpretation or application of this Convention and the referral of these disputes to the International Court of Justice, since it considers that these should be resolved through friendly negotiations between the State Parties. The Republic of Cuba has established its national jurisdiction in Article 5 of its Criminal Code related to the provisions of Article 8, paragraph 2 of the aforementioned Convention; The Republic of Cuba also declares that it shall apply the provisions of Article 1 paragraph 4(d) in accordance with the principles of its criminal law and national legislation.

Cyprus

• Signature: 10-09-2010
• Ratification: 28-03-2019 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-05-2019
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  28-03-2019
  Upon ratification of the Convention, the Republic of Cyprus made the following declaration: “The Republic of Cyprus objects to the declaration deposited by the Republic of Turkey at the time of signature of the instrument on 18 September 2013, registered at the Secretariat General of the International Civil Aviation Organization, limiting the implementation of the provisions of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts relating to International Civil Aviation (2010) only to the States with which the Republic of Turkey has diplomatic relations. The aforesaid declaration is contrary to the object and purpose of the Convention as it precludes the realization of the cooperation foreseen by the Convention between all State Parties, one of which is the Republic of Cyprus, and as such, the said declaration is invalid.”

Czech Republic

• Signature: 23-11-2011
• Ratification: 02-07-2013 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  02-07-2013
  Pursuant to Article 21, paragraph 4, subparagraph (a) of the Convention, the Czech Republic announces that it has established its jurisdiction over the offences set forth in Article 1 of the Convention in the cases set forth in Article 8, paragraph 2, subparagraphs (a) and (b) of the Convention.

Finland

• Ratification: 28-06-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-08-2021
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  28-06-2021
  […] Pursuant to subparagraph (a) of paragraph 4 of Article 21 of the Convention, Finland notifies that it has, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 8 of the Convention, established jurisdiction under its national law, when the offence is committed against a national of Finland as well as when the offence is committed by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the territory of Finland; and Pursuant to subparagraph (b) of paragraph 4 of Article 21 of the Convention, Finland declares that it shall apply the provisions of subparagraph (d) of paragraph 4 of Article 1 in accordance with the principles of its criminal law concerning family exemptions from liability.

Germany

• Signature: 12-10-2016
• Ratification: 21-03-2022 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-05-2022
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  21-03-2022
  With reference to subparagraph (a) of paragraph 4 of Article 21 of the Convention: The Federal Republic of Germany has, in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 2 of Article 8, established its jurisdiction under its national law, in particular under Section 7 (1) and (2) 2 of the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany. With reference to Article 21, paragraph 4, subparagraph (b) of the Convention: The Federal Republic of Germany shall apply the provisions of subparagraph (d) of paragraph 4 of Article 1 in accordance with the principles of its criminal law concerning family exemptions from liability.

Honduras

• Ratification: 23-08-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-10-2021
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  23-08-2021
  In accordance with the provisions of article 20, paragraph 2 of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation, the Republic of Honduras does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 20, paragraph 1 of that Convention, which relates to disputes between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention.

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

• Signature: 08-08-2013
• Ratification: 17-03-2016 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-03-2016
  With reference to Article 10 of the Convention, the Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, for the European part of the Netherlands and the Caribbean part of the Netherlands (the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), that this article is understood to also encompass the right of the prosecuting authorities to decline to prosecute if compelling reasons of a procedural nature would render effective prosecution impossible. In conformity with Article 21, paragraph 4, under a, of the Convention, the Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, for the European part of the Netherlands and the Caribbean part of the Netherlands (the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), that it has, in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 2 of the Convention, established jurisdiction under its national law with respect to the offences listed under Article 1 of the Convention in as far as the offence has been committed against a person of Dutch nationality. In conformity with Article 21, paragraph 4, under b, of the Convention, the Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, for the European part of the Netherlands and the Caribbean part of the Netherlands (the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), that it shall apply the provisions of Article 1, paragraph 4, under d, of the Convention in accordance with the principles of its criminal law concerning family exemptions from liability.

Saint Lucia

• Ratification: 12-09-2012 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: Yes

• reservation
  12-09-2012
  1. In accordance with Article 20, paragraph 2 of the Convention, the Government of Saint Lucia does not consider itself bound by the arbitration procedures established under Article 20 paragraph 1 of the Convention; 2. That the explicit expressed consent of the Government of Saint Lucia would be necessary for any submission of any dispute to arbitration to the International Court of Justice.

  objection to reservation

  Objection Germany, 21-03-2022

  The Federal Republic of Germany regards Declaration No. 2 issued by Saint Lucia on 12 September 2012 upon deposit of its instrument of ratification to the Convention of 10 September 2010 on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation (hereinafter referred to as “Declaration No. 2”) exclusively as a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Convention. Should Saint Lucia, with Declaration No. 2, be making a further-reaching reservation, which cannot be excluded given the wording of Declaration No. 2, the Federal Republic of Germany raises an objection against the reservation going beyond paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Convention, because it is incompatible both with the object and purpose of the Convention and with general principles of international law. This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and Saint Lucia.

Singapore

• Ratification: 20-07-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-09-2022
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  20-07-2022
  At the time of accession Singapore made the following reservation, declarations and notification: Reservation: Pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Convention, the Republic of Singapore declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of Article 20 of the Convention. Declarations: (a) The Republic of Singapore understands that the term ‘armed conflict’ in paragraph (h)(a)(ii) of Article 2 and paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Convention does not include internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence, and other acts of a similar nature. (b) The Republic of Singapore understands that, under Article 6 of the Convention, the Convention does not apply to: (i) The military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties; (ii) Civilians who direct or organize the official activities of military forces of a state; or (iii) Civilians acting in support of the official activities of the military forces of a state, if the civilians are under the formal command, control, and responsibility of those forces. (c) The Republic of Singapore understands Article 10 of the Convention to include the right of competent authorities to decide not to submit any particular case for prosecution before the judicial authorities if the alleged offender is dealt with under national security and preventive detention laws. Notification: Pursuant to paragraph 4(a) of Article 21 of the Beijing Convention, the Republic of Singapore notifies that it has, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 8 of the Beijing Convention, established jurisdiction under its national law, when an offence under Article 1 of the Beijing Convention is committed against a national of the Republic of Singapore or when the offence is committed by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the territory of the Republic of Singapore.

Sweden

• Ratification: 12-07-2018 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-09-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  12-07-2018
  Sweden will apply article 1.4 d in the Convention in accordance with the principles of Swedish criminal law concerning family exemptions of liability.

Türkiye

• Signature: 18-09-2013
• Ratification: 31-05-2018 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-2018
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  18-09-2013
  Signing of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation (2010) and the Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (2010) by the Republic of Turkey should in no way be construed as implying any obligation on the part of Turkey to enter into any dealing with the countries that Turkey has no diplomatic relations with, within the framework of the said Convention and the Protocol.

  reservation
  31-05-2018
  The Government of the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by the Article 20, Paragraph 1 of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation, 2010. Signing of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation, 2010, by the Republic of Turkey should in no way be construed as implying any obligation on the part of Turkey to enter into any dealing with the countries that Turkey has no diplomatic relations with, within the framework of the said Convention.