Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

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Albania

22-07-2015

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of Albania declares that the national courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court of the Republic of Albania and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania.

Andorra

16-05-2019

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Principality of Andorra declares that the courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Constitutional Court and the High Court of Justice.

Armenia

31-01-2017

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of Armenia designates the following national courts for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of this Protocol:
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Armenia
The Court of Cassation of the Republic of Armenia.

Azerbaijan

06-07-2023

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of Azerbaijan declares that the national courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Belgium

22-11-2022

In accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol, the Kingdom of Belgium declares that the courts and tribunals for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are:
- the Cour constitutionnelle;
- the Cour de Cassation;
- the Conseil d’État.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

09-03-2021

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Bosnia and Herzegovina declares that
- The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
- The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
- The Supreme Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
- The Supreme Court of Republika Srpska
are the courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina who can request an advisory opinion of the European Court of the Human Rights, on questions of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or its Protocols.

Estonia

31-08-2017

In accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol, the Republic of Estonia declares that the court designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol is the Supreme Court of Estonia.

Finland

07-12-2015

Pursuant to Article 10 of the Protocol, the Republic of Finland declares that the highest courts and tribunals of Finland designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, the Labour Court and the Insurance Court.

France

12-04-2018

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the French Government declares that the jurisdiction designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Constitutional Council, the State Council and the Court of Cassation.

Georgia

06-07-2015

According to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of this Protocol, Georgia designates Supreme Court of Georgia and Constitutional Court of Georgia as courts that may request the European Court of Human Rights to give advisory opinions on questions of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention or protocols thereto.

Greece

05-04-2019

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Hellenic Republic declares that the courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Special Court, the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court, the Council of State and the Court of Audit.

Latvia

25-11-2025

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of Latvia declares that the highest courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of Protocol No. 16 are the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia and the Supreme court (Senate) of the Republic of Latvia.

Lithuania

02-09-2015

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of Lithuania declares that the highest courts and tribunals in the Republic of Lithuania which may request the European Court of Human Rights to give advisory opinions on questions of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or the protocols thereto are the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Supreme Court of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania.

Luxembourg

14-05-2020

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg declares that the highest courts and tribunals designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are:
- the Constitutional Court;
- the Administrative Court;
- the Court of Cassation and the Court of Appeal.

Moldova

22-06-2023

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention, the Republic of Moldova declares that, in order to implement the provisions of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol, the following national courts are designated: the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice.

Monaco

02-10-2024

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Monaco declares that the jurisdictions designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Court of Revision and the Supreme Court.

Montenegro

14-02-2023

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention, Montenegro declares that the courts
designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court of
Montenegro and Constitutional Court of Montenegro.

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

12-02-2019

The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms for the entire Kingdom [i.e. for the European part of the Netherlands, the Caribbean part of the Netherlands (the islands Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) and for Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten].
Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Kingdom of the Netherlands declares that highest courts and tribunals designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are:
a) the Supreme Court of the Netherlands;
b) the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State;
c) the Central Appeals Tribunal;
d) the Administrative High Court for Trade and Industry;
e) the Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands further declares that the tribunal and the courts at c), d) and e) possess the powers arising from this Protocol only when acting as domestic courts of last resort.

North Macedonia

25-09-2023

Pursuant to Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of North Macedonia declares that the national courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Constitutional Court of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Supreme Court of the Republic of North Macedonia.

Romania

14-10-2014

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Government of Romania designates the following national courts for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of this Protocol:
The High Court of Cassation and Justice
The Constitutional Court
The Court of appeal of Alba Iulia
The Court of appeal of Bacau
The Court of appeal of Brasov
The Court of appeal of Bucuresti
The Court of appeal of Cluj
The Court of appeal of Constanta
The Court of appeal of Craiova
The Court of appeal of Galati
The Court of appeal of Iasi
The Court of appeal of Oradea
The Court of appeal of Pitesti
The Court of appeal of Ploiesti
The Court of appeal of Suceava
The Court of appeal of Târgu-Mures
The Court of appeal of Timisoara.
This Declaration will enter into force at the time of the ratification of the Protocol, in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 1b, and Article 10 of the Protocol.

24-12-2024

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Romania declares that the following national courts are designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol:
a) The Constitutional Court;
b) The High Court of Cassation and Justice.
Romania underlines that the present Declaration modifies the Declaration formulated by the Government of Romania at the time of signature, namely on 14 October 2014.

San Marino

16-02-2015

Under Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Republic of San Marino declares that the jurisdiction designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of this Protocol is that of the Court of the Republic of San Marino.
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Slovakia

17-12-2019

In accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol, the Slovak Republic declares that the highest courts and tribunals designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic and the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic. The Slovak Republic further declares that the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic possess the powers arising from this Protocol only when acting as a court of cassation or as a court of appeal on points of law.

21-06-2022

In accordance with Article 10 of the Protocol, the Slovak Republic declares that the highest courts and tribunals designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic, the Supreme Administrative Court of the Slovak Republic and the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic. The Slovak Republic further declares that the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic possess the powers arising from this Protocol only when acting as a court of cassation or as a court of appeal on points of law.

Slovenia

26-03-2015

Pursuant to Article 10 of the Protocol, the Republic of Slovenia declares that the national courts for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol, to address the requests for advisory opinions to the European Court of Human Rights, are the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia.

Spain

31-07-2025

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Kingdom of Spain declares that the courts designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol are the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court.
Considering the possibility that Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms may be ratified by the United Kingdom and its application extended to the territory of Gibraltar, the Kingdom of Spain wishes to make the following declaration relating to the authorities of Gibraltar:
1. Gibraltar is a Non-Self-Governing Territory whose international relations the United Kingdom is responsible for and which is subject to a process of decolonization in accordance with the relevant decisions and resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly.
2. The authorities of Gibraltar are local in character and exercise competences exclusively over internal affairs that originate in and are based on the powers allocated to and conferred on them by the United Kingdom, in accordance with its domestic legislation, in its capacity as the sovereign State upon which the Non-Self-Governing Territory depends.
3. Consequently, any involvement by the authorities of Gibraltar in the implementation of the Protocol shall be understood to take place exclusively within the framework of the internal affairs of Gibraltar and shall not be considered to affect in any way the provisions of the two preceding paragraphs.
4. The process provided for by the Arrangements relating to Gibraltar authorities in the context of certain international treaties, adopted by Spain and the United Kingdom on 19 December 2007, applies to Protocol No 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
5. The application to Gibraltar of the present Protocol cannot be interpreted as recognition of any rights or situations involving spaces not included in Article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht of 13 July 1713, concluded between the Crowns of Spain and Great Britain.

Sweden

19-12-2024

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Sweden designates the following courts or tribunal for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Protocol:
- Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen)
- Supreme Administrative Court (Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen)
- Labour Court (Arbetsdomstolen)
- Land and Environment Court of Appeal (Mark- och miljööverdomstolen)
- Migration Court of Appeal (Migrationsöverdomstolen)
- Svea Court of Appeal, in rent cases (Svea hovrätt, I hyresmål)

Ukraine

22-03-2018

In accordance with Article 10 of Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Ukraine declares that the highest court designated for the purposes of Article 1, paragraph 1, of this Protocol is the Supreme Court.